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VIDEO: Establishing a Timeline to Prepare an Annual Budget | 5-Minute Lessons 4 Nonprofits
SE4N's A. Michael Gellman provides a short lesson on the scheduling and timing of the different phases of the budget building process for nonprofit organizations, including how much time to allot for budget preparation and approval and how to structure a work plan for creating initial and final drafts of the budget, seeking feedback from staff, management, and Board members, through the end of the budget approval process.
The Functional Approach to Budgeting for Expenses
Often, we refer to the size of a nonprofit organization by the total expenses within its annual operating budget. This emphasizes the important role of expenses in the budget while also serving as a measure of an organization’s capacity to provide programs and services. To get the best possible budget for expenses, nonprofits should use a functional (programmatic) approach that better displays the cost of programs, activities, and operations and encourages staff ownership and accountability.
Budgeting for Salaries is Key to the Nonprofit Budget Building Process
When preparing a nonprofit organization expense budget, I generally favor using a programs and operations approach rather than an expense by line-item method. The one exception is budgeting for staff costs (salaries, employee benefits, and payroll taxes), which is usually the largest expense line-item in a nonprofit’s budget. Preparing a separate labor budget at the front end of the budget building process will enhance planning and improve management of the organization’s workforce.
Budgeting for Nonprofit Organizations and Why It’s Important to Start with Revenue and Support
Assembling a budget for a nonprofit organization often feels like an endeavor that requires more artistic methods than scientific computations. This is especially true when it comes to budgeting for revenue and support, which is usually hard to predict with accuracy. To help balance the art (intuition) with the science (analysis) of budget building, consider using a “funding-first” approach.
The Importance of Budgets to Nonprofit Organizations
The word “budget” has almost universal recognition. Budgets have a very broad spectrum of usage and applicability beyond just nonprofit organizations, ranging from large entities (governments, Fortune 500 companies, professional sport teams) to small businesses, individual entrepreneurs, and even smaller applications such as families juggling home budgets and providing their children with early exposure to budgets through managing allowances.
How Nonprofits Can Better Manage Overhead Expenses
Managing a nonprofit organization’s overhead (management and general) expenses is just as important as managing program and fundraising expenses. Most nonprofits would not dispute this statement. However, most organizations tend to put an inordinate focus on managing program and fundraising expenses and ignore or not give equal attention to managing overhead expenses.
How Inflation Affects Planning, Budgets, and Operating Reserves
Inflation has always been present at some level. When inflation is low, it lurks quietly in the corner of our minds. But when inflation is revving, the ringing in our ears will not go away. During periods of uncertainty and economic volatility, inflation tends to draw attention, often triggering regressive non-thinking reactions. Inflation needs to be treated as an economic reality to be confronted and a challenging obstacle to be solved, not as a call to action by itself.
Can a Sketch Work Better Than a Financial Forecast?
Business, financial, and operational professionals love concepts related to financial forecasts. It is our way to view an abstract complicated plan in terms of dollars and the impact on resources both positive (surpluses – add to resources) and negative (deficits – use of resources). But outside our inner circle, forecasts are often viewed with misunderstanding, trepidation, and sometimes even fear. Taking a “sketch” approach can help people to embrace financial forecasts, enhance engagement, and be more confident with planning for new projects and efforts.
Three Tactics for Communicating Difficult Budget Issues to Your Board
Difficult budget issues can often arise quickly and unexpectedly. To maintain a high level of trust with your nonprofit organization’s Board and remain transparent, collaborative, and inclusive, be sure to communicate in a timely and thoughtful manner.
The Benefits of Multi-Year Budgets
I have been a strong advocate of year-end budget projections that are updated monthly throughout the year. These budget projections help nonprofit organizations to keep track of their progress while providing an opportunity to react to changing circumstances in real time. The impact on the psyche is immediate and beneficial. This impact is enhanced when paired with multi-year budgets as shown in our Multi-Year Budget Financial Dashboard Template.
Capital Budgets Play an Important Role in Nonprofit Planning
Annual operating budgets for nonprofit organizations will always be center stage, drawing the attention of senior management, Board, and staff. The pressure to have the best annual operating budget is unrelenting. However, this pressure can focus too much attention on short-term operations, often to the detriment of longer-term sustainability, capacity, and cash flow planning. Capital budgets are a synergistic complement to annual operating budgets and will help current and future planning.
Nonprofits Should Stress Test Funding on a Regular Basis
Stress testing a nonprofit organization’s funding seems like a frightening proposition, conjuring images of doom and gloom. This is not the case at all. Regular stress testing of funding will enhance strategic planning, raise awareness of changing conditions, and stimulate an earlier call to action. All funding sources, both strong and weak, will benefit from these regular efforts.
Q&A #70 – How Can I Explain the Bottom-Line Budget Impact of Multi-Year Grants?
The answer is to take a two-pronged approach. First, prepare financial schedules that show the anticipated annual usage of the multi-year grant for the life of the grant. Second, using this information, be thoughtful and assertive with your messaging to your Board. Communicating in a multi-year format will help to move attention away from the impact of a multi-year grant on any single-year budget.
Creating a Culture of Projections: Actively Engaging Staff in the Financial Planning Process
Creating a culture of interactive, financial projection-based planning must be a primary practice within a nonprofit organization. To effectively achieve this goal, organizations need more than standard historical trend analysis derived from monthly financial statements and financial dashboards. These reports are necessary and important but should be considered as the starting point. Staff and management must be actively engaged in the planning process to create a “culture of projections” in which interactive questioning, rolling forecasts, and forward thinking can thrive.
Operating Reserve Policies are a Perfect Vehicle for Targeting Your Budget’s Bottom-Line
Nonprofit organizations would greatly benefit from adopting a standardized policy for strategically targeting and managing their annual budget bottom-line. You could argue that there is no greater safety net for overall financial health than having a formal policy, or at least a budget working rule or guideline, for this important metric.